Hubungan Onset Preeklampsia dengan Tingkat Keparahan Preeklampsia di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2020-2023

Abstract

Background. Preeclampsia is a multisystem pregnancy disorder recognized by varying degrees of placental malperfusion with the release of soluble factors into the circulation. Research studies comparing the adverse maternal effects of early onset and late onset preeclampsia are limited in Indonesia, so there is limited knowledge about the differences in maternal-fetal complications in early onset preeclampsia and late onset preeclampsia.Objective. To determine the relationship between the onset of preeclampsia and the severity of preeclampsia at H. Adam Malik Medan General Hospital in 2020-2023. Methods. This research is analytic in nature using a retrospective study approach conducted using secondary data through medical records of preeclampsia patients at the Haji Adam Malik Medan Hospital in 2020-2023 with a total sample of 70 people. Results. It was found that more than half of the sample 40 (57.1%) were early-onset category and the majority 52 (74.3%) patients were severe preeclampsia patients. The most common severe symptoms in severe preeclampsia were grade 3 hypertension (53.8%), proteinuria (84.6%), thrombocytopenia (38.5%), renal insufficiency (32.7%), and central nervous system symptoms, namely persistent headache or visual disturbances (50%). In addition, it was also found that the onset of preeclampsia was associated with the severity of preeclampsia (p value <0.05) Conclusion. There is a significant association between the onset of preeclampsia and the severity of preeclampsia, with the most symptoms being grade 3 hypertension, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, and central nervous system symptoms.