Uji Komparatif Potensi Ekstrak Biji Buah Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.), Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) dan Ekstrak Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) sebagai Agen Larvasida terhadap Larva Aedes Aegypti

Abstract

Background. Infection due to the dengue virus is caused by mosquitoes (mosquito-borne disease) and then transmitted to humans through bites. The annual incidence of more than 400 million people infected, while dengue in Indonesia in 2020 was 39.9 per 100,000 population. The death rate is 40,000 in every demographic in the world, and it is estimated that half the world's population has been infected with the dengue virus. Treatment for infections due to DENV is primarily supportive. There are no licensed therapeutic drugs. Natural ingredients have potential through the chemical compounds contained therein, such as Papaya Seeds (Carica Papaya L.), Red Betel Leaves (Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav.), Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia), including flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins which play a role in larval cell apoptosis Mosquito. Objective. To determine the potential of papaya seed extract (Carica papaya l.), ethanol extract of red betel leaves (Piper crocatum ruiz & pav.), and lavender extract (Lavandula angustifolia) as larvicidal agents against Aedes aegypti larvae. Method. The method used was laboratory experimental with a post-test-only research design with a controlled group design. The number of larvae samples was 1800, consisting of Aedes aegypti larvae instar III/IV and adult mosquito larvae. Extract treatment was only given to the experimental group, while the negative control group was only treated using distilled water, and the positive control group used Abate. This was done four times with 100 larvae in each concentration. Results. It was found that the LC50 of Lavender Extract was 2,789 (0.2%), the LC50 of Red Betel Leaf Extract was 5,463 (0.5%), and the LC50 of Papaya Seed Extract was 7,051 (0.7%). Conclusion. Increasing the concentration will increase larval death, and the most potential extract is Lavender Extract with 2,789 (0.2%) at a concentration of 2% with control + (abate) with a 100% percentage of larval death.