Hubungan Polimorfisme IL-1β-1903 C>T dan +3954 C>T dengan Kadar IL-1β terhadap Kejadian Anemia Defisiensi Besi pada Anak dengan Infeksi Helicobacter Pylori

Abstract

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has long been known to cause iron deficiency anemia. However, the data above shows that not all children infected with H. pylori develop iron deficiency anemia. The relationship between IL-1β gene polymorphism -1903C>T and +3954C>T with IL-1β levels and the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in children with H. pylori infection has never been studied before. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between IL-1β-1903C>T and + 3954 C>T polymorphism with IL-1β levels and the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in children with H. pylori infection. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which subjects infected with H. pylori were examined once for IL-1β-1903C>T and + 3954 C>T polymorphisms with IL- 1β levels and the incidence of iron deficiency anemia. The research was carried out during January 2022 - January 2023, at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan and its affiliations. The target population in this study were pediatric patients aged 2-18 years who experienced recurrent abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. The sample was taken by consecutive sampling. Subjects were taken for blood sampling for IL- 1β examination (ELISA) and polymorphism (PCR) as well as diagnostic tests of iron deficiency anemia, while the diagnosis of H. pylori infection was done by endoscopy (CLO) Results: The studi subjects consisted of 52 children with 26 of them have H. pylori (+), of these 26 children, 23 had iron deficiency anemia (prevalence ratio 11.5 (95% CI3.015-43.864). This means H. pylori infection (+) are 11.5 times more likely to have iron deficiency anemia than children with H. pylori (-). The difference of IL- 1β-1903C>T and + 3954 C>T gene polymorphism between H. pylori (+) and H. pylori (-) was found to be insignificant with p = 0.329 and 1,000 respectively. There was a significant relationship between IL-1β levels between H. pylori (+) children (1.2 (0.7-2.6) and H. pylori (-) (0.86(0.18)) with p<0.001. Accuracy level of IL-1β (≥0.95 pg/mL) in predicting IDA in children with abdominal pain has a sensitivity value of 80% with a specificity value of 70.4 % The accuracy level of IL-1β levels (≤1.3 pg/mL) in predicting IDA has a sensitivity value of 87% and a specificity value of 66.7%. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia. No significant relationship was found between the genotypes of IL-1β-1903C>T and + 3954 C>T polymorphism and H. pylori infection. IL-1β levels differed significantly in children with infection H. pylori (+) compared to H. pylori (-).