Gambaran Foto Toraks pada Pasien HIV/AIDS dengan Tuberkulosis Paru Berdasarkan Nilai Cd4 di RSUP H Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, predominantly infecting the lungs. HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, leading to a decrease in immunity. Individuals with HIV/AIDS are at a significantly higher risk of contracting Pulmonary Tuberculosis, 20 times more than those without HIV infection. In 2019, Indonesia ranked second in the world for TB infections. In HIV/AIDS patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis, the radiological findings are often atypical. As the patient's immunity decreases, marked by a decline in the cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count, the radiological features become increasingly atypical Objective. To determine the chest X-ray findings in HIV/AIDS patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis based on CD4 values at H. Adam Malik Central General Hospital, Medan. Method. This research is a retrospective descriptive study. It involves the use of secondary data from medical records of HIV/AIDS patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis at H. Adam Malik Central General Hospital. The data collection technique employed in this study is total sampling, resulting in 44 patients who meet the criteria for this research. Results. Out of the total of 44 HIV/AIDS patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis, the highest percentage was found in the age group of 28-37 (52.2%), males (84.6%), CD4 value ≤200 (81.2%), atypical lesions (70.5%), lesions in one zone (45.5%), and minimal lesions (61.4%). Conclusion. Individuals with HIV/AIDS and Pulmonary Tuberculosis are most commonly found in the age group of 28-37 and are predominantly male. Furthermore, the lesion pattern in patients with CD4 ≤200 is atypical, while for CD4>200, it is typical. The distribution of lesion locations is mainly in one zone, and the pattern of extensive lesions is minimal.