Gambaran Penurunan Jumlah Trombosit dan Tanda-Tanda Perdarahan pada Pasien Demam Berdarah Dengue di RSUP H Adam Malik dan RS Prof Dr Chairuddin P Lubis Tahun 2022 - 2023

Abstract

Background. Dengue Hemorragic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. One of the key indicators in diagnosing DBD is a decrease in the number of platelets. Platelet counts can drop below 150,000/mm³, which can lead to bleeding. The decrease in platelets is caused by a decrease in platelet production in the bone marrow or a faster breakdown of platelets than production. The severity of bleeding can vary from mild to severe, and it can occur due to pathological conditions in blood vessels, coagulation factors, or platelets. The phenomenon of bleeding often occurs in DHF patients due to vascular damage that causes plasma leakage. The decrease in platelets can be detected through a blood test, and it is one of the key indicators in diagnosing DHF. Aim. To elucidate the overview of the decrease in platelet count and signs of bleeding among Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital and Prof. DR. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital in Medan during the years 2022-2023. Method. This research employs a descriptive method with a retrospective approach, utilizing secondary data from medical records obtained from RSUP H. Adam Malik and RS Prof. DR. Chairuddin P. Lubis for the years 2022-2023. Results. The platelet count values were lower in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) patients, and some patients exhibited clinical manifestations of bleeding. Conclusion. A decrease in platelet count was observed in all Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) patients, with some experiencing clinical symptoms of bleeding, including red skin rash (petechiae), nosebleeds (epistaxis), vomiting with blood (hematemesis), blood in stools (melena), bruising (ecchymosis), bleeding gums, and gastrointestinal bleeding.