Kejadian Kelainan Kongenital pada Antenatal Care di Rumah Sakit Haji Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2020-2022

Abstract

Background. Congenital abnormalities are the third leading cause of death after prematurity and malnutrition in children. 30% of all hospitalized patients in developed countries have congenital abnormalities. Congenital abnormalities are defects in the development of fetal organs and tissues that appear at or before birth. Miscarriage, stillbirth, or neonatal or infant death due to congenital abnormalities are possible outcomes. Antenatal care (ANC) is an effort made by mothers to avoid the causes of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and fetuses. ANC is a routine examination carried out by pregnant women from the time the mother is declared pregnant until the time of delivery. Objective. This study aims to determine the incidence of congenital abnormalities in antenatal care at the Hajj Adam Malik Hospital in 2020-2022. Methods. This study is an observational descriptive study, with a cross sectional study method, by total sampling using secondary data from medical records of congenital abnormalities at the Haji Adam Malik Medan Hospital in 2020-2022. The data analysis used was univariate descriptively done with a frequency distribution table. Results. The results of this study obtained 125 babies with congenital abnormalities from a total of 622 mothers who made antenatal care visit, namely 38 babies occurred in 2020, 63 babies in 2021 and 24 babies in 2022. The distribution of the most types of congenital abnormalities occurred in the circulatory system 69 babies (55.2%), musculoskeletal system 16 babies (12.8%) and respiratory system 11 babies (8.8%). Conclusion. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the highest incidence of congenital abnormalities occurs in the circulatory system, with the characteristics of the most mother's age in the range of 20-35 years, the most high school education level with the most status not working, the most with multipara, the most aterm gestation age, making the most ANC visits >4x visits and the most babies born with normal weight.