Analisis Kestabilan Genetik Embrio Somatik Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Hasil Kultur Suspensi

Abstract

The regeneration pathway through in vitro oil palm plants (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) has so far been through somatic embryogenesis, as this process is capable of producing embryos with bipolar structures resembling zygotic embryos. Somatic embryos produced through this process usually show somaclonal diversity, this diversity can be seen as early as possible starting from the morphogenesis phase of somatic embryos so it is necessary to utilize DNA barcode molecular markers to obtain the results of genetic stability of ramet tissue culture results. The purpose of this study is to produce somatic embryos from oil palm shoot explants of tenera varieties by utilizing a combination of 2,4-D and BAP growth regulators in the process of proliferation using suspension culture techniques, obtain more complete information about somatic embryo morphogenesis through histological identification and identify genetic stability in terms of DNA profiling of each phase of ramet morphogenesis using DNA barcodes. The results obtained through exlan tissue culture of shoots can grow and form embryogenic callus in MS media with the best concentration of 80 mg / L 2.4 - D + 2.5 mg / L BAP, embryogenic callus is placed later in liquid MS media with the addition of 0.1 mg / L BAP and 0.5 mg / L 2.4 - D to accelerate and increase proliferation. Somatic embryonic ramet stability analysis is continued through hostology analysis first, where the results show that the resulting morphogenesis process does not show histological abnormality characters, this is characterized by it seems that meristemati cells form three regions, namely protoderm (Pd), Procambium (Pc) or called provascular and basic tissue. Analysis of genetic stability using DNA barcodes with primers used rbcl and trnH-psbA, the results obtained showed no somatic embryo abnormalities detected, this was based on the characteristics of the sequence of the two DNA barcode regions, insertions and deletions occurred in DNA sequence alignment but this only showed the presence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and results Translation into amino acids shows that insertions and deletions do not affect the amino acid sequence of each sample. The final conclusion in this study is that suspension culture is an in vitro propagation technique that can increase the proliferation of oil palm somatic embryos from shoot explants, the resulting somatic embryos experience genetic stability as evidenced through histological analysis and molecular analysis using DNA barcodes.