Karakterisasi Kekeringan Meteorologis dengan Metode Standardized Precipitation Index dan Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index di Sumatera Utara

Abstract

A drought index is utilized to identify and illustrate the level of drought in a region, the method used in this research is the Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index that is calculated according to climate data throughout 24 years (1998-2022) as many as 67 rain observation posts in North Sumatera using the R Studio software. The purpose of this research is to determine the factors of global climate phenomena that influence drought in North Sumatera and the impact on rice plants production as well as to analyze the drought characterization of SPI and SPEI in a spatially and temporally. The resulting index value is then analyzed using a correlation method to see its connection with ENSO and IOD. The result of the research depicts the occurrence of the ENSO phenomena to have a strong connection with meteorological drought in North Sumatera with a range of correlation value of -0,85 to -0,97 and as much as 62,5% from 32 regencies experience a decrease in rice plant productivity when El Niño occurred with great intensity in 2015. Spatially, the characteristic of both index shows a similar result which is, the dominant is in the normal category, however, temporally, SPI shows a more extreme result when a drought occurred, compared to SPEI.