Pembuatan Natrium Karboksimetil Selulosa (Na-Cmc) dari Selulosa Kulit Durian pada Variasi Berat Natrium Kloroasetat Melalui Reaksi Eterifikasi

Abstract

Durian peel is an agricultural waste that can be used as a source of cellulose which is then modified into sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC). Cellulose was isolated using a combination of two methods, namely the dilute acid treatment method using HNO3 and the alkalination method using NaOH solution to produce α-cellulose of 11.821 g (15.76% of the initial weight). The process of making Na-CMC begins with the alkalization stage of α-cellulose with 10% NaOH in a reaction medium mixed with 100 ml of isopropanol-butanol 80:20 (v/v) then the carboxymethylation stage with the addition of sodium chloro acetate with varying weights of 3.5 and 7 grams. on alkaline cellulose. Na-CMC was obtained at 98.32%, 68.22% and 35.94% of the initial weight. The results of the Na-CMC research obtained the highest degree of substitution value of 0.83 for the 5 gram sodium chloro acetate variation. FTIR spectrophotometer test results show that Na-CMC has a vibration peak in the wave number area of 3287 cm-1 which is the absorption band of the -OH group, C-H stretching group at wave number 2885 cm-1, 1595.3 cm-1 stretching of the C=O carboxymethyl group , 1408.9 cm-1 –CH2 group. The results of surface morphology analysis using SEM show that the fiber surface on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose appears larger and expanded than cellulose..