Gerakan Sosial Masyarakat Adat (Studi Kasus Konflik Tanah Adat di Desa Sihaporas Kecamatan Pematang Sidamanik Kabupaten Simalungun)

Abstract

The social movement of the Sihaporas indigenous community is a collective effort of the Sihaporas community to reject the confiscation of their customary land by the Toba Pulp Lestari company through a concession permit granted by the government. The Sihaporas community took action to reject the company's claims through demonstrations at regional government agencies and the central government. The community also took direct action through land occupation and farming on the land. The area of the Sihaporas traditional land is 2000 hectares, of which around 500 hectares have been recognized by the government and 1500 hectares which the Sihaporas indigenous people are currently fighting for to have their existence recognized. This research aims first to find out the initial process of forming a social movement. secondly, to find out the community's efforts to fight for the Sihaporas traditional land internally and externally. Third, to find out the social, economic and political impacts and obstacles. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques use in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The technique for determining informants is using purpose sampling technique and the theoretical basis used in this research is social movement theory which refers to resource mobilization proposed by Anthony Oberschall. The results of this research first discovered the initial process of the emergence of the social movement of the Sihaporas indigenous people, namely the existence of a shared awareness to preserve the ancestral heritage of the Sihaporas indigenous people. Secondly, optimizing the social movement of the Sihaporas community internally, namely by strengthening community solidarity with the formation of a traditional institution known as LAMTORAS (Lembaga Adat Ompu Mamontang Laut Ambarita Sihaporas) and expanding the social movement externally by collaborating with other institutions such as BAKUMSU, AMAN, KSPPM, and student organizations. Finally, a description of the impact of social movements which cause social alienation among families and a description of the obstacles in achieving the goals of social movements by looting people with baseless accusations.