Induksi Ketahanan Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) terhadap Patogen Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis Menggunakan Bakteri Endofit dan Asam Salisilat

Abstract

Bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants which is caused Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis is difficult to control due to the pathogen ability to persist in residual host material, in soil and can spread easily through water flow. Many pesticides have been recommended against this pathogen. Unfortunately, they are not considered a long-term solution due to cost, risk exposure, residues, toxicity to non-target organisms and environmental hazards. An alternative control that is currently developing is the induction of plant resistance. This study was aimed to determine the potential of endophytic bacteria and salicylic acid in inducing wilted tomato plants due to pathogen R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Sumatera Utara. The research was conducted by examining the potential of Arthrobacter sp. and Bacillus thuringiensis and salicylic acid inducing tomato from the development of wilt disease in the greenhouse, then observe growth, resistance response and analyze the content of salicylic acid, activity enzyme peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and histopatology tomato root. The research was designed using a completely randomized design with 14 treatment Each treatment consisted of three plant units and three replicates. The results showed that the combination treatment of Arthrobacter sp. with salicylic acid was effective in inducing tomato resistance to bacterial wilt disease R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis. The combination had an effect in prolonging the incubation period of the pathogen, minimizing disease severity and increasing the accumulation of salicylic acid, activity peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase and histopathology showed that the xylem was not significantly colonized and was not visible in the root anatomy of resistant plants. On the other hand, xylem of plant roots is susceptible to many bacterial colonies being found and changing the arrangement of the xylem to become uneven in the vascular cylinder.