Pendugaan Parameter Genetik dan Seleksi Individu Terpilih pada Generasi F2 dan F3 Hasil Persilangan Tiga Tetua Varietas Kedelai [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

Abstract

Increasing soybean production can be done by developing superior varieties, through crossing. Crossing three elders using three soybean varieties namely Grobogan, Anjasmoro, and Dega 1 is expected to increase genetic diversity to develop new superior varieties. Genetic diversity can be known through the estimation of genetic parameters. This study aims to estimate genetic parameters, determine selection characters, analyze gene action, carry out individual selection and predict production results in the F2 and F3 generations of the cross of three elders of soybean varieties [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to get better characters from the three elders. This research was conducted in 2 stages, the first stage in the field located in Tanjung Selamat Village, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency and the second stage in Asam Kumbang Village, Medan Selayang District, Medan City. Observations were made by observing the entire plant population in the field. The results showed that the selected selection characters in the F2 generation based on high heritability values and wide genetic diversity are the characters of plant height, number of pods, number of seed pods 1, 2 and 3, number of seeds and seed weight. Selected selection characters in the F2 generation based on additive gene action are plant height, number of primary branches, number of pods, number of seed pods 2, number of seeds, seed weight and 100 seed weight and selected selection characters based on complementary additive gene action are flowering age, harvest age, number of seed pods 1 and 2. Individual selection in the F3 generation based on selection characters, namely the number of pods and seed weight, 56 individual plants were selected. The best prediction accuracy of production results in the F3 population based on the lowest RMSE and MSE values.