| dc.description.abstract | Rice plants are one of the sub-sectors of food crops that are widely cultivated by the people of Indonesia. Rice has a very important role, because it is the main source for society in life. The rice harvest area in 2022 reached around 10.45 million hectares, an increase of 40.87 thousand hectares or 0.39 percent compared to the rice harvest area in 2021 which was 10.41 million hectares. Rice production in 2022 was 54.75 million tons GKG, an increase of 333.68 thousand tons or 0.61 percent compared to rice production in 2021 which was 54.42 million tons milled dry grain. Some literature shows that giving silica to plants will affect protein levels resulting in a decrease in amylose. Based on this literature, efforts need to be made to reduce amylose levels from high to medium, so that the Sigambiri Merah variety can be enjoyed by the community, especially North Sumatra which prefers to consume rice with a fluffy taste.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate changes in agronomic, physiological, production and quality characteristics of Sigambiri Merah in lowlands and highlands. Modifying the growing environment that supports growth, productivity, and reduction of amylose levels of Sigambiri Merah Rice in low and high altitudes through mulching. Finding the right type of Silica in an effort to increase productivity and amylose levels of Sigambiri Merah. Gives a double effect on increasing the adaptability of Red Sgambiri rice, followed by a decrease in its amylose content. The novelty of the study is the discovery of mulch weights and silica sources in an effort to increase production and reduce amylose levels, and followed by the adaptability of growth, development, productivity and quality of rice varieties Sigambiri Merah.
The research was carried out in two locations with differences in altitude, namely BPTP Berastagi, Tongkoh village, Tanah Karo regency with an altitude of 1300 meters above sea level and in the experimental land of the Sampali Medan Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). The altitude of the place is 25 meters above sea level which is carried out from July 2022 - February 2023. The research method used by the Factorial Group Random Design (RAK) consists of two levels of treatment, namely the level of Mulching (M), consisting of: M0 = No mulch, M1 = Weight 20 Tons / Ha (8 kg / plot), M2 = Weight 25 Tons / Ha (10 kg / plot), M3 = Weight 30 Tons / Ha (12 kg / plot) and the level of application of Silica sources (S), consists of: S0 = No Silica, S1 = Burnt Husk (2.3 gr/plant), S2 = Liquid Silica (1.21 ml/plant), S3 = Solid Silica (1.84 gr/plant) with 16 treatment combinations in three repetitions (48 treatment plots).
Mulching in the lowlands improves morphological characteristics (plant height, number of main leaves, total number of tillering leaves, number of tillers), physiological (dry weight of roots, plant growth rate, leaf chlorophyll, net
assimilation rate, flag leaf area, and protein), and yield (weight of grain contains per sample and weight of hollow grain per sample). Mulch at high altitudes also improves morphological characteristics (number of main leaves and leaf area) and physiology (leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll, number of stomata, protein and amylose).
Application of silica sources in lowlands provides improvements to morphological (plant height, number of main leaves and total number of tillers) and physiological (leaf area index, net assimilation rate, leaf chlorophyll, flag leaf angle, flag leaf area, stomata and protein count). Silica sources in the highlands improve morphological (number of main leaves), physiological (dry weight of roots, leaf chlorophyll, number of stomata, protein). The interaction between mulch and silica treatment in the lowlands improves morphological characteristics (plant height, number of main leaves), physiological (leaf chlorophyll, flag leaf angle, flag leaf area, number of stomata and protein), yield (production per plot). The interaction between mulch and silica treatment at high altitudes also improves morphological characteristics (number of main leaves), physiological (dry weight of roots, leaf chlorophyll, flowering age, protein and amylose).
Increased mulching affects the type of silica source used, each phase has a different response to the type of silica source The results showed that mulch treatment had a significant effect on soil temperature in the lowlands, as well as the treatment of various silica source applications. The interaction of both mulching treatment and various silica source applications had no significant effect on soil temperature at high altitudes. The provision of silica sources had an influence on reducing the levels of Sigambiri Merah amylose in the highlands in the treatment of mulching 10 kg / plot and liquid silica fertilizer 1.21 ml / plant which was 22.52%. This result is lower than the description of Sigambiri Merah which is 26.74%. | en_US |
