Uji Aktivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas Linn.) dengan Metformin pada Tikus Diabetes dan Dislipidemia

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is common in diabetes mellitus (DM) and is one of the risk factors for type 2 DM. Numerous studies have shown that the combination of synthetic drugs with herbal medicines is becoming popular and superior to the monotherapy approach alone. Sweet potato leaves have been widely studied to have the effect of lowering blood glucose levels (BGL) and improving lipid profiles in DM. Metformin is the first-line drug in the treatment of DM and is often combined with other antidiabetic drugs and antidyslipidemia drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of a combination of ethanol extracts from purple sweet potato leaves (EESPL) on glucose levels, lipid profile, and pancreatic histopathology of DM and dyslipidemia rats. EESPL was obtained by 70% ethanol maceration. DM and dyslipidemia rats were induced with a high-fat diet and STZ 30 mg/kg bw i.p. DM and dyslipidemia rats were given EESPL 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 800 mg/kg BW in a single dose and in combination with metformin 45 mg/kg BW daily for 28 days. During EESPL administration, blood glucose and lipid profiles were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. The negative control was given 0.5% CMC Na suspension, and the positive control was given metformin at 45 mg/kg BW. On day 28, the rats were sacrificed to take pancreatic organs for histopathology. EESPL contains compounds with antidiabetic and antidyslipidemia properties. ANOVA test showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the treatment groups in the reduction of BGL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increase in HDL, as well as the improvement of pancreatic histopathology damaged by high fat diet and STZ. EESPL was more effective in reducing KGD and improving lipid profile than metformin. The combination of EESPL 800 mg/kg bw and metformin 45 mg/kg bw showed the highest activity compared to single administration or the combination of EESPL 200 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw with metformin 45 mg/kg bw. The combination of EESPL 800 mg/kg BW and metformin 45 mg/kgBB reduced BGL by 77.49%, total cholesterol levels decreased by 67.33%, triglyceride levels decreased by 60.02%, HDL levels increased by 83.53% and LDL decreased by 82.91% and improved pancreatic histopathology. Based on the description above, it is concluded that the combination of EESPL with metformin is more effective in reducing BGL and improving the lipid profile and histopathological picture of the pancreas of type 2 DM rats.