Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Laminasi Berperekat Lignin dari Lindi Hitam (Black Liquor) dan Phenol Formaldehyde

Abstract

Laminated board are wood product made of by arranging a number of boards or laminas on top of each other and bonding them together to form the desired crosssection. Lignin isolated from black liquor can be utilized as a raw material for adhesive in wood composite products. This research aims to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of laminated boards bonded with a mixture of lignin from black liquor and phenol formaldehyde (PF). Lignin was isolated through a one-step precipitation process. Lignin is dissolved using 20% NaOH at a mass ratio of 1 : 1. It was then mixed with PF adhesive at mass ratios of PF : lignin 100% : 0%, 75% : 25%, and 50% : 50%. The laminated board consists of 3 layers with dimensions of 30 cm in length, 15 cm in width, and 0.5 cm in thickness, bonded using a 300 g/m² mixture of PF and Lignin adhesive. It was hot-pressed at a temperature of 135℃ with a specified pressure of 20 kg/cm² for 14 minutes and conditioned for 7 days. The results of the physical property tests in this research showed that the average density ranges from 0.58 to 0.63 g/cm³, moisture content ranges from 8.90% to 9.20%, and delamination ranges from 2.57% to 33.33%. The results of the mechanical property tests indicated an MOE ranging from 92,626 to 107,538 kg/cm², MOR ranging from 946 to 1,093 kg/cm², and shear strength ranging from 75 to 83 kg/cm. From these data, it can be concluded that the quality of the laminated board mets the JAS 234: 2003 standards for density, moisture content, MOE, MOR, and bonding strength characteristics. However, the delamination characteristic did not meet the JAS 243: 2003 standards. Based on statistical analysis, the PF:lignin composition of 100% : 0% produces the best physical and mechanical properties.