Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Sumatera Utara pada Tahun 2022

Abstract

The Human Development Index (IPM) is a measurement tool developed by the United Nations (UN) to obtain a more complete picture of human well-being and development in a country. HDI was designed with the aim of going beyond economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which only reflect economic growth, and incorporating social and health dimensions as important factors in human development. HDI goals focus on improving quality of life, reducing social inequalities, sustainable development, education and health, as well as comprehensively measuring a country's progress. By paying attention to these aspects, HDI aims to achieve sustainable development and improve overall human well-being. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing Human Development Index in North Sumatra using multiple linear regression analysis. The data used is secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of North Sumatra in 2022, with a sample of 33 regencies/cities in North Sumatra. The results show that there are three factors that affect the Human Development Index in North Sumatra, namely average years of schooling (education), poverty rate (economy), and life expectancy (health). Factor analysis shows that these three variables are correlated and form a single factor that has a significant contribution in determining the Human Development Index. Regression analysis shows that education and health variables have a significant influence on the Human Development Index, while poverty rate has a moderately large impact. Therefore, it is recommended to increase funding allocation in the education and health sectors and encourage sustainable reduction of poverty to improve the Human Development Index. Further research using other variables is also needed to obtain more accurate and representative results.