Efektivitas Pengaplikasian Oral Wound Dressing Film yang Mengandung Kitosan terhadap Jumlah Makrofag Pasca Insisi Gingiva pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract

Periodontal surgical treatment is an invasive procedure that opens or exposes parts of the body's tissues, which typically results in either open or closed wounds. Open wounds can lead to tissue tearing, potentially causing bleeding, swelling, infection, and scar formation if not properly addressed. Therefore, periodontal dressing is needed to cover the wound and minimize the risk of infection. The incision wound resulting from periodontal surgical procedures is typically treated with periodontal pack as a periodontal dressing. Commonly available periodontal packs are chemically based, causing discomfort during use and disrupting aesthetics. Preparations in the form of a film can be considered an alternative option for oral wound dressing, which is perceived as more aesthetic, comfortable to use, and easier to apply to tissue surfaces due to their good adhesive and flexible properties. Therefore, they can protect the wound surface, reduce pain, and control bleeding. Chitosan is effective in accelerating wound healing because it possesses mucoadhesive, bioactive, biocompatible, biodegradable, antimicrobial, and nontoxic properties compared to other polymers. Chitosan can serve as an anti-inflammatory agent, hemostat, excellent drug carrier, and can stimulate cell proliferation and remodeling. The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of oral wound dressing film containing chitosan in increasing the number of macrophages in the post-gingival incision wound healing process in Wistar rats. This study is a laboratory experimental research in vivo with a post-test control group design to measure clinical parameters using the Landry healing index and histological parameters by observing the number of macrophages. The sample consisted of 45 healthy male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months. The results of this study indicate that chitosan Oral Wound Dressing Film (OWDF) is effective in accelerating the wound healing process post-gingival incision in Wistar rats by increasing the number of macrophages on the 3rd day and decreasing the number of macrophages on the 7th and 14th days.