Efektivitas Pemberian Ekstrak Metanol Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) dengan Dosis 50 mg/kg BB dan 100 mg/kg BB Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi Refluks Terhadap Kejadian Displasia yang Diinduksi 7,12-Dimethylbenz [α] Anthracene (DMBA) pada Tikus Wistar

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a prevalent cancer type worldwide, typically originating from asymptomatic clinical lesions or potentially malignant oral disorders, such as oral epithelial dysplasia. Dysplasia involves cytological changes and a loss of maturation in the epithelial stratification structure, potentially progressing to carcinoma. Chemopreventive agents, like methanol extracts from pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica L.), may impede dysplasia-to-cancer development. This laboratory experimental study aimed to assess the efficacy of methanol extracts of pegagan leaves at doses of 50 mg/kgBW and 100 mg/kgBW, using the reflux extraction method, against dysplasia induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA). Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 received DMBA three times per week, Group 2 received 50 mg/kgBW methanol extract of pegagan leaf plus DMBA three times per week, and Group 3 received 100 mg/kgBW methanol extract of pegagan leaf plus DMBA three times per week. Dysplasia was graded using the 2017 WHO grading system, and data were analyzed through the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann- Whitney test. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of pegagan leaf extract at both doses in reducing dysplasia incidence compared to the non-extract group. Notably, the group without the extract exhibited a more severe degree of dysplasia. This suggests the potential chemopreventive role of pegagan leaf extract in inhibiting dysplasia progression, offering insights into oral cancer prevention strategies.