Perbedaan Derajat Proliferasi Sel Epitel Rongga Mulut Penyirih Berdasarkan Kebiasaan Menyirih di Desa Tengah Kecamatan Pancur Batu Tahun 2023

Abstract

Chewing betel nut causes damage to soft tissue, which begins changes in the proliferation of nuclei in oral epithelial cells. Cell proliferation activity can be observed using the AgNOR method. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the degree of proliferation of oral epithelial cells among betel nut chewers based on the duration and frequency of chewing. This type of research is analytical observational with a cross-sectional approach. Sample calculations use the formula for testing a hypothesis in a single population, totaling 46 people. Subject selection method uses purposive sampling with inclusion criteria of females aged 20-70 years, chewing for more than 1 year, non-smokers, non-alcohol drinkers, and no history of cancer. Uncooperative subjects are excluded. Cytology of buccal mucosal epithelial cells is performed using a cytobrush followed by AgNOR staining. AgNOR dot examination is done using an Olympus CX21 binocular light microscope and counted manually. Data analysis uses One-Way ANOVA test. Duration and frequency of chewing are calculated in Mean ± SD. The mean degree of epithelial cell proliferation based on duration of chewing: 1-5 years: 2.95 ± 0.54; 6-10 years: 4.02 ± 0.56; > 10 years: 4.70 ± 0.86. The mean degree of cell proliferation based on chewing frequency: 1-5 times: 3.14 ± 0.59; 6-10 times: 4.15 ± 0.72; > 10 times: 5.04 ± 0.90. Analysis shows significant differences (P<0.05) in each duration and frequency group of chewing. In conclusion, there are differences in the degree of proliferation of oral epithelial cells based on the duration and frequency of betel nut chewing habits.