Tingkat Keparahan Inflamasi Gingiva Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Disertai Periodontitis di Puskesmas Tiga Dolok

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from insufficient insulin production or ineffective insulin utilization. Concurrently, periodontal disease denotes inflammation of the periodontal tissues, initiated by plaque accumulation, leading to localized gingival inflammation known as gingivitis. Periodontitis has been found to exert a negative impact on metabolic control in T2DM patients by amplifying inflammation and insulin resistance. Therefore, this study aims to ascertain the severity of gingival inflammation in patients with T2DM and periodontal disease. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional design, 42 samples were analyzed. Findings reveal that gingival inflammation severity, as per the gingival index, was categorized as mild in 18 individuals (42.9%) and moderate in 24 individuals (57.1%). Moreover, the papillary bleeding index indicates that >1 bleeding sites were observed in 31 individuals (73.8%), while ≤1 sites were found in 11 individuals (26.2%). In conclusion, gingival inflammation among T2DM patients at the Tiga Dolok Community Health Center, based on the gingival index, predominantly falls within the moderate category, with the papillary bleeding index suggesting a prevalence of >1 bleeding sites.