Obat Tetes Kombinasi Ekstrak Teripang Pasir (Holothuria scabra) dan Kulit Buah Naga Konsentrasi 20% dan 40% pada Mukositis Oral yang Diinduksi Obat Kemoterapi (In Vivo)

Abstract

The treatment that can be given to children who have leukaemia is chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy treatment can have side effects in the form of oral mucositis. A treatment is needed that can help accelerate the healing of oral mucositis. Natural ingredients that have the potential to be the basic ingredients for medicines are sand and sea cucumbers. Sand cucumber contains active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, and collagen that can help regenerate tissues. Dragon fruit skin can also be a source of natural antioxidants. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of combined drops of sand cucumber extract (Holothuria scabra) and dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) with concentrations of 20% and 40% compared to negative control and positive control in accelerating the healing of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in rats. This study is an in vivo laboratory experimental study on male Wistarrats (Rattus norvegicus) with a posttest-only control group design. The samples used were 36 rats divided into 4 treatment groups, namely the application group of drops of a combination of sand cucumber extract and dragon fruit peel concentrations of 20% and 40%, the positive control (Gengigel Hyaluronic Acid), and the negative control (untreated). The healing of mucositis was observed pre-clinically and histopathologically on days 3, 7, and 14. Data analysis for this study used the Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc (Mann-Whitney) (p < 0.05). The results showed that the combined drops of sand cucumber extract (Holothuria scabra) and dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) at concentrations of 20% and 40% had the same effectiveness in accelerating the healing of oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy drugs and obtained better results than the positive control on day 7 observation. In this study, it can be concluded that sand cucumber extract drops and red dragon fruit peel at a concentration of 20% were chosen as drugs for accelerating the healing of oral mucositis in chemotherapy-induced rats because of the efficient use of raw materials.