Perbedaan Rekam Kontrol Plak dan Kebersihan Rongga Mulut pada Penderita Periodontitis dengan Sindroma Metabolik dan Nonsindroma Metabolik

Abstract

Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease resulting from a complex interaction between bacterial plaque and host immune response. It is characterized by periodontal tissue destruction leading to the formation of periodontal pockets around the teeth that harbor numerous pathogenic bacteria. Metabolic syndrome is an accumulation of several disorders, namely abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated blood sugar, elevated triglycerides, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Based on the NCEP ATP III criteria, a person is said to have metabolic syndrome if they meet 3 of the 5 agreed criteria. Metabolic syndrome can encourage the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive oxygen species affect the local antioxidant capacity. An imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant mechanisms leads to excessive oxidative stress. Low antioxidant production reduces the effectiveness of the host immune response against invading pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity, triggering tissue damage, inflammation, and leading to periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to see the differences in oral hygiene and plaque control records in periodontitis patients with metabolic syndrome and metabolic nonsyndrome at the USU Dental and Oral Hospital (RSGM). This study is an observational analytic study with a cross sectional approach. The number of samples in this study were 90 people selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Examination of the level of oral hygiene was measured using the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) and plaque examination using the Plaque Control Record (PCR). The results showed that the mean OHI score of periodontitis patients with metabolic syndrome was higher (OHI = 3.01) compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome (OHI = 2.22). The average PCR of periodontitis patients with metabolic syndrome is higher (PCR = 84.08%) compared to metabolic nonsyndrome subjects (PCR = 64.32%). The conclusion of this study is that the oral hygiene condition of periodontitis patients suffering from metabolic syndrome is worse than periodontitis patients who do not suffer from metabolic syndrome and the level of plaque presence in the oral cavity of periodontitis patients suffering from metabolic syndrome is higher than periodontitis patients who do not suffer from metabolic syndrome.