Hubungan antara Kadar Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) dengan Melasma

Abstract

Background: Melasma is a pigmentation disorder that most commonly occurs on the face due to increased melanin production and secretion. The main predisposing factor in melasma patients is related to exposure to ultraviolet light. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a ligand dependent transcription factor that controls the expression of target genes in large volumes in humans. Facial hyperpigmentation is increased in people living in air-polluted areas with particulate matter2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations. Dioxin compounds contained in PM2.5 can activate AhR signaling. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between AhR level with melasma. Subjects and Methods: This study was an observational study with a crosssectional design of 30 women with melasma and 30 controls. All study subjects underwent history taking, physical examination, dermatological examination, and blood sampling to assess AhR levels by ELISA test. Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney test to AhR levels with melasma, and to AhR levels based on melasma depth type by Kruskal Wallis test. Result: The most common age in the melasma group was 41 - 50 years old as many as 21 people (70%). The most common occupation found in the melasma group was a household assistant of 19 people (63.3%). The mean value of AhR levels in the melasma group was higher at 718.07 ng/mL, compared to the control group with a mean AhR level of 158.23 ng/mL. The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between AhR levels and melasma (p < 0.001). Significant differences were not found in AhR levels based on the type of melasma depth (p = 0.469). Conclusion: There was an association between AhR level with melasma.