Analisis Pengaruh Keberadaan Taman Kota terhadap Perubahan Suhu Lingkungan di Kota Binjai dan Kota Medan

Abstract

Urbanization and population growth are the main factors causing land conversion. Cities with high population density will be at risk of experiencing decrease in vegetation density (Normalized Different Vegetation Index) and increase surface temperature (Land Surface Temperature) which impact on various lines of life, especially the comfort due to heat. The availability of green open space in urban areas is becoming rare thing due to the high land use change in urban areas. This study aims to determine the effect of urban parks on changes in environmental temperature in Binjai City and Medan City by utilizing remote sensing technology and Landsat images combined with temperature analysis using buffer zones from urban parks. Results show in Binjai City, found the highest LST in 29-32 class with an area of 1.057,72 Ha 0r 11,18% of area, while highest NDVI in >0.6 class with area 1.58 Ha or only 0.02% of the Binjai city. In Medan city, the highest LST in 31- 34 class covering 1,545.37 Ha or 5.510% of area, while the highest NDVI was in the >0.6 class covering 0.60 Ha or only 0.002% of the Medan city area. The results showed that the urban park influenced the temperature reduction up to 300 m buffer distance. The results of statistical analysis include classical assumption test, multiple linear regression and partial t-test obtained variable presence of vegetation (NDVI) is inversely proportional to the increase in surface temperature with an adjusted R square value of 0.627