Kajian Reverse Engineering Pengaruh Nilai U/c1 terhadap Efisiensi dan Kerugian pada Turbin Uap Satu Tingkat

Abstract

The steam turbine is one of the crucial components supporting energy needs in the production process of industrial activities, particularly in the palm oil processing industry, which has a significant demand for electrical energy. This is based on the fact that steam turbines have a sufficiently high level of efficiency and reliability. Single-stage steam turbines used in various industries have diverse designs, especially in the blade design, as it is considered influential in achieving good efficiency and minimal loss. The primary objective of reverse engineering is to create an updated geometric mathematical model based on an existing physical model. This study focuses on reverse engineering to determine the influence of the U/c1 value on the efficiency and losses of a steam turbine. The objective is to observe and calculate the tangential speed of the blades (U) and variations in the absolute speed of steam exit, such as at the nozzle (c1), the first-row blades (w2), the guide blades (c'1), and the second-row blades (w'2) in 800 kW and 1200 kW single-stage steam turbines using CFD simulation and theoretical calculations. Analyzing the efficiency and losses of a single-stage steam turbine through reverse engineering involves assessing the influence of the U/c1 value. The obtained U/c1 values through simulation and theoretical calculations for the 800 kW turbine are 0.22 and for the 1200 kW turbine are 0.20. Subsequently, theoretical calculations were used to determine losses and efficiency. The calculated losses include 34.90 kJ/kg at the nozzle (hn) for both turbines, 20.46 kJ/kg and 23.02 kJ/kg at the guide blades (hgb), 53.64 kJ/kg and 56.07 kJ/kg at the first-row blades (hb'), and 5.74 kJ/kg and 7.01 kJ/kg at the second-row blades (hb''). The exit velocity loss (he) is 15.67 kJ/kg and 12.96 kJ/kg. The efficiency values obtained are 49.2% for the 800 kW turbine and 50% for the 1200 kW turbine. In conclusion, the U/c1 value has an impact on the losses and efficiency of the turbine.