Hubungan antara Usia dan Komorbid (Diabetes Melitustipe 2 dan Hipertensi) terhadap Gangguan Pendengaran pada Wanita dengan Usia di Atas 40 Tahun

Abstract

Background: Hearing loss is an issue of concern in Indonesia. Hearing loss starts from the age of 40 due to degenerative processes and increases with increasing age and comorbidities such as DM (diabetes mellitus) type 2, which causes lipid buildup in cochlear hair cells and nerve damage. This study aims to determine the relationship between age and comorbidities (type 2 DM and hypertension) on the type of hearing loss in women over 40 years old. Methods: An analytic study with a cross-sectional research design was conducted in Kotamatsum IV Village in December 2021. The samples of this study were all women aged 40 years and over who had comorbidities that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects underwent OAE (Otoacoustic Emission) examination and pure tone audiometry. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the Chi Square Test with a significance of 5%. Results: A total of 34 subjects were included in this study with the youngest age of 42 years and the oldest was 73 years old. There were 11 subjects (32.4%) with type 2 DM, 10 subjects (29.4%) with hypertension and 13 subjects (38.2%) with comorbid of type 2 DM and hypertension. In subjects with age 40-50 years and age >50 years, the most common type of hearing loss was SNHL (sensorineural hearing loss) with mild hearing loss and with referral results based on OAE examination. Conclusion: There was an association between age and degree of hearing loss. There was no association between age and comorbidities (Type 2 DM and hypertension) on the type and degree of hearing loss based on pure tone audiometry and OAE examination.