Pengaruh Pengangguran dan Kemiskinan terhadap Migrasi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia ke Luar Negeri di Sumatera Utara

Abstract

As a developing country, Indonesia faces many economic development issues, such as unemployment, poverty, and so on. The high level of unemployment in Indonesia and the narrowing job market have led many Indonesian residents to choose to migrate abroad in search of employment. This research aims to determine the influence of unemployment and poverty on the migration of Indonesian laborers overseas. The unemployment variable is measured by the number of open unemployed individuals, and the poverty variable is measured by the number of impoverished populations. This research uses secondary data from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) and Badan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (BP2MI). The secondary data used in this study are a combination of cross-sectional and time series data from the North Sumatra province from 2015-2021, commonly known as panel data. The research aims to investigate whether the independent variables of Unemployment and Poverty are interrelated with the dependent variable, the Migration of Indonesian Laborers overseas. The results of the research show that simultaneously, the independent variables (Unemployment and Poverty) demonstrate a significant influence on the Migration of Indonesian Laborers. Partially, it is observed that the Unemployment variable has a negative and significant effect on Indonesian Labor Migration. On the other hand, the Poverty variable has a positive and significant impact on Indonesian Labor Migration.