Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh, Usia dan Jenis Kelamin dengan Derajat Spondilolistesis pada Foto XRay Lumbosakral di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background: Spondylolisthesis causes disability which generally occurs due to low back pain, neurogenic claudication and radiculopathy with a high level of morbidity. Several factors such as body mass index (BMI), age and gender have been proven to influence the progression of spondylolisthesis therefore analysis of these factors expected to enable estimate the patient’s risk and condition. Method: This research is an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design conducted at Radiology Installation of H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan from September 2023 to April 2024. The research sample was spondylolisthesis patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then an AP+Lateral erect lumbosacral spine X-ray was carried out to determine the anatomical level of lumbosacral vertebrae with listhesis and determine degree of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis according to Mayerding's criteria. Bivariate analysis uses Chi-Square test or Fisher exact test, while multivariate analysis uses logistic regression test which P value <0.05 indicates statistical significance. Results: Bivariate analysis results showed that spondylolisthesis had a significant correlation with age (p=0.008), gender (p=0.001), and BMI (p=0.004) with a p value <0.05. Then a multivariate analysis was carried out and found BMI and gender as statistically significant predictor factors (p <0.05). A patient who is female has a risk of experiencing spondylolisthesis 6.490 times greater and a patient with higher IMT has a risk of experiencing spondylolisthesis 4.024 times greater than a patient without this condition. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between degree of spondylolisthesis with BMI, age and gender in spondylolisthesis patients.