Violation Maxims of Politeness Principles in USA Presidential Candidate Debates of 2016

Abstract

The aims of this study are to find out the types of maxim violation whichoccured in the context of politeness principle used by the USA Presidential Candidates Debate, How the violation of maxims were realized and Why the participants violated maxims of politeness principle in USA Presidential Candidates Debate. This research is conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The data are utterances in the third presidential election debate of 2016 between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. The data are analyzed by using politeness principle proposed byGeoffrey Leech (1983). The results of this study show that (1) the types of maxim violation occured in the context of politeness principles, namely generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim and agreement maxim. There are 11 (32%) generosity maxim, 8 (23%) approbation maxim, agreement maxim12 (34%) and modesty maxim4 (11%).It is found in affirmative and negative utterances sentences. It is approved that violate the politeness principle in debate as in speaker and hearer possibly.(2) The finding revealed that maxims of politeness principles in political debates can be violated in a number of ways, categorized as, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, agreement maxims and modesty maxims. By breaking the maxims that generate conversational implicature, this study reveals that the politicians are being uncooperative.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis pelanggaran maksim yang terjadi dalam konteks asas kesantunan yang digunakan oleh Debat Calon Presiden Amerika Serikat dan Bagaimana pelanggaran maksim direalisasikandalam DebatCalon Presiden USA. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif. Data tersebut adalah dialog dalam debat pemilihan presiden ketiga tahun 2016 antara Donald Trump dan Hillary Clinton. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan politeness principle yang dikemukakan oleh Geoffrey Leech (1983). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) jenis pelanggaran maksim yang terjadi dalam politeness principle, yaitu , generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim and agreement maxim.11 (32%) generosity maxim, 8 (23%) approbation maxim, agreement maxim 12 (34%) and modesty maxim 4 (11%). Hal ini ditemukan dalam kalimat-kalimat ucapan negatif dan afirmatif. Ini membuktikan bahwa pelanggaran politeness principle dalam perdebabatan mungkin terjadi antara pembicara dan pendengar. (2) Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa politeness principle dalam perdebatan politik dapat dilanggar dalam beberapa cara, seperti, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, agreement maxims and modesty maxims.. Dengan melanggar prinsip-prinsip yang menghasilkan implikasi percakapan, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa para politisi tidak kooperatif.