Uji Efek Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon) terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis dan Respon Hipersensitivitas Tipe Lambat

Abstract

Background: Lemons (Citrus limon) are rich in flavonoids and vitamin C, which are associated with its immunomodulatory effects. Objective: To determine the immunostimulant effects of ethanolic extract of lemon peel (EEKJL) on phagocytosis activity in male mice and delayed-type hypersensitivity response in male rats. Method: Phagocytosis activity was determined by carbon clearance method while delayed-type hypersensitivity response by measuring paw swelling. Each method was divided into 5 groups, comprising of negative, positive, and 3 test groups. Mice were given EEKJL 25, 50, 100 mg/kg BW for 7 days, then on the 8th day, carbon suspension was injected and its absorbance in blood was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 640.5 nm, mice were sacrificed then, lymph and liver were taken. Rats were given EEKJL 17.5; 35; 70 mg/kg BW, then were sensitized with Staphylococcus aureus on day 4, treatment was continued until day 14. On day 14, paw initial volume was measured by plethysmometer then Staphylococcus aureus was re-injected. The paw volume was measured 24 hours after injection, then calculated the swelling volume. Results: The results showed that EEKJL 50 and 100 mg/kg BW could increase phagocytic activity with the highest stimulation shown by 100 mg/kg BW. In delayed-type hypersensitivity, EEKJL 17.5; 35; 70 mg/kg BW can increase the delayed-type hypersensitivity response with the highest response shown by 70 mg/kg BW. Conclusion: EEKJL has immunostimulant effects on phagocytosis activity and delayed-type hypersensitivity response.