Uji Efek Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis) terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis dan Respon Hipersensitivitas Tipe Lambat

Abstract

Background: Immunomodulators are compounds that can stimulate or improve the function of the immune system. Flavonoids such as hesperidin and naringenin found in ethanol extract of sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) can act as immunostimulants Objective: To determine the immunomodulatory effects of ethanol extract of sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on phagocytosis activity and delayed-type hypersensitivity response Method: Testing was performed using the carbon clearance method, where mice were orally treated for 7 days with CMC-Na 0.5%, Imboost® 32.5 mg/kg BB, and ethanol extract of sweet orange peel at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW. On the 8th day, carbon suspension was intravenously administered, followed by blood collection and measurement of absorbance using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. After 12 hours, the mice were dissected to collect liver and spleen. In the delayed-type hypersensitivity method, rats were orally treated for 14 days with CMC-Na 0.5%, levamisole 25 mg/kg BW, and ethanol extract of sweet orange peel at doses of 17.5, 35, and 70 mg/kg BW. On the 4th and 14th days, rats were injected with Staphylococcus aureus, and the volume of footpad swelling was measured Results: The results showed that treatment with ethanol extract of sweet orange peel at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW significantly increased carbon clearance rate, phagocytosis index, and stimulation index in mice compared to the negative control CMC-Na 0.5% (p < 0.05). Administration of ethanol extract of jeruk manis peel at doses of 17.5, 35, and 70 mg/kg BW also resulted in significant footpad swelling in rats compared to the negative control CMC-Na 0.5% (p < 0.05) Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sweet orange peel has immunostimulant activity as evidenced by increased phagocytic activity in male mice and delayed-type hypersensitivity response in male rats.