Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Nanoemulsigel Anti-Acne Minyak Bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.)

Abstract

Background: clove flower oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) is that have eugenol, eugenol acetate, caryophylene compounds. Eugenol compounds have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity on Propionibacterium acne (P.acne) bacteria that can cause cell membrane damage and inhibit bacterial respiration. One of the extraneous factors causing acne is an unhealthy lifestyle and the use of cosmetics. Eugenol compounds have low solubility in water so that penetration properties are low if formulated in topical preparations, therefore a formula was developed in small particle sizes, namely nanoemulsigel preparations that can improve problems in penetration properties. Objective: to evaluate the physical stability of the preparation, antibacterial activity, in vitro permeation on rabbit skin and anti-acne activity in volunteers with 28 days of use of clove flower oil nanoemulsigel preparation compared to its emulsigel preparation, and marketed emulsigel. Methods: In this study, the antibacterial activity of clove flower oil and the preparation of nanoemulsigel and emulsigel preparations with clove flower oil concentrations of 1.5%; 3%; 5.5% were carried out, followed by testing the antibacterial activity of each formula and testing the physical stability of the preparation and irritation tests on rabbits and volunteers. The permeation test was carried out in vitro on rabbit skin using the Franz diffusion cell method and continued with the skin distribution test. Clove flower oil content was measured using a UV spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 281 nm. Then the nanoemulsigel and emulsigel formulas with the best permeation test results were selected and continued with anti-acne activity tests and oil (sebum) levels in volunteers after 28 days of use and then compared with emulsigel and emulsigel preparations on the market. Results: The study showed that the P.acnes inhibition activity for clove flower oil concentrations of 1.5%; 3%; 5.5% were 3.66 mm 6.53 mm, 8.23 mm respectively. The nanoemulsigel preparation of clove flower oil concentration 1.5%; 3%; 5.% had inhibition of 11.60 mm, 13.53 mm, 15.76 mm respectively, the emulsigel preparation of concentration 1.5%; 3%; 5.5% had inhibition of 5.43 mm, 5.23 mm, 7.96 mm respectively, the gel base had no inhibition, the positive control had inhibition of 6.66 mm. Cumulative percent of nanoemulsigel at 480 minutes, 1.5% concentration was 54.260%; 3% concentration was 80.315%; 5.5% concentration was 51.856%; 1.5% emulsigel was 17.820%; 3% concentration was 31.695%; 5.5% concentration was 35.168%; market emulsigel was 43.085%. The results of the anti-acne activity test of 3% clove flower oil concentration showed the most decrease in the number of acne and oil content, namely 80.73% and 84.90%; emulsigel was able to reduce sebum levels by 44.51% and the number of acne 45.77%; market emulsigel was able to reduce sebum levels by 35.5% and the number of acne 51.62%. Conclusion: nanoemulsigel at 3% concentration has better permeation and anti-acne activity in volunteers compared to market emulsigel and emulsigel preparations and the results of statistical analysis showed a significant difference in reducing the number of acne and sebum levels.