| dc.description.abstract | Ethanol extract of tekelan leaves (Chromolaena ododrata L.) has secondary
metabolites in the form of tannins, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids and
essential oils such as α-pinene, cadinene, champora, limonene, β-caryophyllene and
cadinol isomers. Specific flavonoid compounds found in tekelan leaf extract are quercetin
compounds. Quercetin compounds are antioxidants that can prevent aging of the skin.
One of the extrinsic factors causing aging is excessive ultraviolet irradiation. Quercetin
compounds have low solubility in water, so the penetration properties are low if
formulated in topical dosage forms. Therefore, a formula in small particle size, namely
ethosome preparation, was developed that can improve the problem of its penetration
properties.
The purpose of this study is the formulation of ethosomal preparations from
ethanol extract of tekelan leaves along with characterization and evaluation of
preparations and the effectiveness of skin anti-aging in vivo.
The methods carried out in this study were identification of quercetin compounds
by Clt-preparative, antioxidant test of DPPH free radical scavenging method,
determination of IC50 value and total flavonoids, formulation and characterisation of four
ethosomal preparation formulas (F1-without extract, F2-extract 0.5 g in 10 mL ethanol,
F3-extract 1 g in 20 mL ethanol, F4-extract 1.5 g in 30 mL ethanol) compared with their
liposomal preparations (100 mg extract in 10 mL PBS saline). Further characterisation of
the preparation (organoleptic, particle size, zeta potential and TEM) was carried out.
Physical stability test was conducted for 12 weeks storage, viscosity, absorption
efficiency, penetration on rabbit skin by Franz diffusion method, in vivo irritation test on
rabbit skin, anti-aging activity on rat skin irradiated with UV-B light and compared with
liposome preparation and histopathological profile.
The results obtained are quercetin compounds in the ethanol extract of tekelan
leaves with an Rf value of 0.46 (orange color), IC50 value of 31.145 mcg/mL, the highest
total flavonoids are found in F4 (228.971 mgEQ/g). All formulas are still in nanometer
size and F4 has the smallest particle size (102,87±0,59 nm). The result of sorption
efficiency was 68.44%, cumulative amount at 480th minute (1120.20±815.05 mcg/cm2),
%cumulative (38.82±0.45%), flux value (23.01±1.732 μg.cm-2h-1). The ethosome
preparation did not show any irritation on rabbit skin. The macroscopic anti-aging test
results from each irradiated group showed that the skin pigment was irregular, the skin
became pale, telangiectasis of small and dilated blood vessels), solar elastosis (thickened
skin due to abnormal elastin accumulation). While microscopically showed that the
epidermal layer was thinned and collagen density was less. Meanwhile, the group treated
with tekelan leaf extract ethosomes experienced improvements in macroscopic structure.
While the microscopic structure of the epidermis began to appear clearly and collagen
density increased.
The conclusion of this study is that all ethosome preparations meet the
requirements of the physical characteristics of ethosomes and F4 (1.5 g extract in 30 mL
ethanol) is the formula that has the best anti-aging effectiveness. | en_US |
