| dc.description.abstract | sulfamic acid and urea as base catalyst. Preparation of waste paper samples was carried out without treatment, delignification results were carried out with the addition of NaOH 2% and NaOCl 1.75%, and isolation was carried out with the addition of HNO3 3.5%, NaOH 2%, Na2SO3 2%, NaOCl 1.75% and H2O2 10%, delignified paper produced cellulose of 19.8698 g (26.49% of the initial weight) while the isolated paper produced cellulose of 12.6462 g (16.86% of the initial weight). Synthesis of cellulose sulfate through sulfation reaction of paper cellulose with sulfamic acid and urea as base catalyst. Cellulose is sulfated by making DES (Deep Eutectic Solvent) by mixing sulfamic acid and urea at 80 ℃, then the DES mixture is reacted with cellulose that has been dissolved in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent media and refluxed at 150 ℃ for 2 hours, then washed using 96% ethanol and dried at 30 ℃. Cellulose sulfate which has the highest degree of substitution is obtained from the treatment of isolated samples containing α-cellulose. The formation of cellulose sulfate is supported by FT-IR spectrophotometer with the appearance of vibrational peaks in the wave number region 3388.4 cm-1 which shows the -OH group, C-H stretching group 2892.4 cm-1, S=O group 1215.1 cm-1, C-O-C group 1051.1 cm-1 and C-O-S group 984 cm-1 which are symmetrical stretching and bending vibrations respectively. Surface morphology with SEM shows that the fiber surface on cellulose sulfate is smoother and shorter than cellulose. PSA results showed a decrease in cellulose sulfate fiber diameter. | en_US |
