Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Patch Antiacne dari Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) dengan Kombinasi Polimer Kitosan dan HPMC

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris, which is often caused by the accumulation of oil glands that block the follicular ducts and skin pores. Tea tree oil become an alternative to overcome acne because it has antibacterial properties. The patch formulation has the advantage of ensuring long contact with the skin so that the effect is maximized and avoids contamination. Purpose: To formulate and evaluate the physical properties of antiacne patches tea tree oil with combination plymers of chitosan and HPMC, as well as determine antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Method: Patch preparation are made by solvent casting method using chitosan and HPMC polymers. The patch preparation were formulated in four formulas (F1-F4) using 3% tea tree oil with various HPMC concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. The evaluation of physical preparations includes organoleptic test, weight uniformity test, thickness test, folding power test, pH test, drying shrinkage test, moisture absorption test and stability test at room temperature (25oC±2oC). The antibacterial activity test on tea tree oil and patch preparations was carried out by the diffusion method against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Result: The resulting preparations are colored, smooth, and have a characteristic aroma of oil, with weights 0.0177-0.0811 g, thickness 0.17-0.63 mm, folding endurance exceeding >200 times, pH 6.15-6.4, drying shrinkage 2.98%-5.12%, and moisture absorption 4.88%-7.20%. The patch preparation is stored at room temperature (25oC±2oC) for 12 weeks and produces a stable preparation. The antibacterial activity of tea tree oil shows the largest inhibition zone diameter at 3%, which is 19.08±0.62 mm, meanwhile patch F4 had the largest inhibition zone diameter 14.22±0.46 mm. Conclusion: Patch preparations from tea tree oil with a combination of chitosan and HPMC can be formulated because they have good physical properties. The patch preparation in F4 has the largest inhibitory diameter, namely 14.22 ± 0.46 mm, while in F1 has the smallest inhibitory diameter, namely 12.20 ± 0.30 mm.