Uji Aktivitas Nefroprotektif dan Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Buah Balakka (Phyllanthus emblica L.) pada Tikus Yang Diinduksi Doxorubicin

Abstract

Background: Doxorubicin is one of the chemotherapy drugs of the anthracycline antibiotic class that is commonly used to treat various types of cancer. However, this drug can cause nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Balakka fruit has antioxidant activity derived from flavonoids. Objective: To analyze EEBB at doses (100 mg/kgBB BB, 300 mg/kgBB BB, 500 mg/kgBB BB) can improve kidney and liver histopathology in doxorubicin-induced rats. Methods: This type of research is experimental. The samples of this study were white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain, weighing 100-150 g as many as 30 rats. Consists of 6 groups, namely, Normal, Negative Control, Positive Control, Dose 100mg / KgBB, Dose 300mg / KgBB and Dose 500mg / KgBB. Each group consists of 5 rats. Stages include extract preparation, phytochemical screening, extract standardization, testing nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects, examination of damage, macroscopic and histopathological kidney and liver. Observational data were recorded and presented as mean + SEM. Data were analyzed with Graph Pad Prism software version 10. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunnets posthoc test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Ethanol extracts of balakka fruit in doses of 100 mg/kgBB BW, 300 mg/kgBB BW, and 500 mg/kgBB BW can reduce necrosis and inflammation in the kidneys and liver in doxorubicin-induced rats. Ethanol extract of balakka fruit in doses of 100 mg / kgBB BB, 300 mg / kgBB BB, and 500 mg / kgBB BB does not have nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activity in reducing congestion in the kidneys and liver. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of balakka fruit has nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activities against kidney and liver damage in doxorubicin-induced rats. The dose of 500 mg/kgBB is the most effective dose.