Identifikasi Molekuler Sumber Darah pada Nyamuk Anopheles Maculatus Complex dan Aedes Albopictus di Desa Ujung Bandar Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Malaria and Dengue Fever still remain health polemic in Indonesia. Based on data from Kementrian Kesehatan, cases of Malaria and Dengue Fever in North Sumatera, especially at Langkat Regency are still high and stable. Malaria transmitted through the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes, which one like the Anopheles maculatus complex in Langkat Regency. Meanwhile, dengue fever caused by Aedes mosquito, like Aedes albopictus. Understanding the bionomics of mosquito vectors is important to determine appropriate vector control activities in preventing the transmission of malaria and dengue fever. One of the bionomics of mosquitoes is the blood feeding behavior. To determine this blood feeding pattern, it can be done by identify the blood sources in the mosquito's abdomen by molecular technique, especially using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Mosquitoes were collected from Dusun II and V, Desa Ujung Bandar Village, Langkat District, North Sumatra using the double net trap method started from August to November 2023 with a total of 12 captures at night at each place. Mosquitoes were identified by the name of species and the blood status in the abdomen morphologically, and then followed by molecular analysis in the Laboratory. Mosquito’s DNA was analyzed by PCR using the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene through the control animals which were human, dog, cat, chicken, bovine, wild Boar, and monkey. The PCR products were visualized by electrophoresis technique and identified according to the DNA band sequences of the seven animals as the control. Molecular identification of both mosquito species showed that 6 out of 29 specimens of An. maculatus complex had blood and 4 specimens were known to contain human blood and 2 others contain non-control animals blood. In Ae. albopictus, 38 out of 45 specimens were identified as containing blood and 29 specimens were found to contain human blood, 5 specimens contained dog blood, and 5 specimens contained of both human and dog blood and 4 others contain non-control animals blood. The results of this study concluded that blood feeding behavior of An. maculatus complex was anthropophilic and Ae. albopictus was opportunistic.