Resistensi Bakteri Gram Negatif Asal Feses Orang Utan Sumatra (Pongo Abelii) di Sumatran Rescue Alliance (SRA) terhadap Beberapa Antibiotik

Abstract

Treating diarrhea in Sumatran orangutans at the Sumatran Rescue Alliance (SRA) using antibiotics can sometimes cause resistance problems which result in ineffective treatment. This study aims to determine the resistance of gram-negative bacteria from Sumatran orangutan feces to several antibiotics. Fecal samples were obtained from two SRA Sumatran orangutans and isolated on Nutrient Agar (NA) and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media. Bacterial colonies growing on EMBA media were characterized by macroscopic and microscopic morphology and metabolism using IMViC biochemical test media. The initial resistance tests were carried out against 3 antibiotics, namely chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, and nalidixic acid. The isolate that produced the smallest zone of inhibition was then tested using the Vitek-2 Compact System instrument to determine the bacterial species and their level of resistance to several antibiotics on the Vitek card. The results of calculating gram-negative bacterial colonies were 12.85% of the total bacteria. The isolation results obtained 9 different isolates from 2 individual orangutans. Isolates resistant to the 3 tested antibiotics were isolates AH06 and AT06. The AH06 isolate was identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp pneumoniae and the AT06 isolate was identified as Pseudomonas putida. The results of the resistance test of the two isolates to antibiotics on the Vitek card showed that the Pseudomonas putida isolate was more resistant than the Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp pneumoniae isolate. The Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp pneumoniae isolate was resistant to 4 antibiotics out of 15 antibiotics while the Pseudomonas putida isolate was resistant to 6 antibiotics out of 15 antibiotics.