Perbedaan Usia, Jenis Kelamin dan Tinggi Badan terhadap Besar Pembukaan Mulut Maksimum pada Anak dengan Maloklusi Usia 6-12 Tahun di RSGM USU

Abstract

Maximum mouth opening size can be used as an important parameter to measure mandibular mobility. Reduced mandibular movement is often associated with signs of mandibular dysfunction. The paediatric patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Dental Hospital have complete medical records and consist of many races. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in age, gender and height on the maximum mouth opening size in children with malocclusion aged 6-12 years at Universitas Sumatera Utara Dental Hospital. This type of research is descriptive analytic with cross sectional design. The sample of this study consisted of 150 children consisting of 75 boys and 75 girls, selected by non probability technique with purposive sampling method. Height was measured using measuring tape (GEA®) and maximum mouth opening was measured using a Range Of Motion Scale (Therabite Scale®). The research data were tested using Mann-Whitney U, Kruskall Wallis, and One Way Anova. The results of this study showed that the mean maximum mouth opening size in boys was 46.59 ± 3.29 mm and in girls was 44.55 ± 3.11 mm. The mean maximum mouth opening size in the age group of 6-8 year was 41.49 ± 3.07 mm, 8.1-10 years was 44.55 ± 2.85 mm and 10.1-12 years was 47.12 ± 3.09 mm. The mean maximum mouth opening also increased in each height category. Based on this study, it was found that boys had a larger mean maximum mouth opening size than girls. As the age and height of the children increased, the maximum mouth opening size also increased. This is in line with the science of age-related child development. Children with a height difference of more than 12 cm will definitely have different mouth opening sizes. Girls aged 6-8 years have the smallest average maximum mouth opening size compared to children of the same sex in other age groups, while boys aged 10-12 years have the largest average maximum mouth opening size compared to children of the same sex in other age groups.