Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Buah Balakka (Phyllanthus emblica L.) terhadap Histopatologi Ginjal dan Hati Tikus yang Diinduksi L-Name

Abstract

Background: One of the best natural sources of antioxidants is plants. Balakka (Phyllanthus emblica L.) contains phenolic compounds, which consist of various compounds, such as flavonols, anthocyanins, and their derivatives. Balakka fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) has the potential as a nephroprotector and heaptoprotector because it contains flavonoids. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of balakka fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) at doses of 100 mg/kgBB, 300 mg/kgBB, and 500 mg/kgBB on histopathological kidney and liver of L-NAME-induced rats. Methods: The research stages include the preparation of ethanol extract of balakka fruit by maceration method using ethanol solvent, characterization of simplisia, phytochemical screening of simplisia, testing nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects, histopathological examination of kidney and liver organs in L-NAME-induced rats. Results:Histopathological examination showed necrosis, congestion and inflammation. In the results of the measurement of kidney necrosis obtained p=0.036 (p>0.05) and liver necrosis p=0.0353 (p>0.005) which means that there are differences in kidney and liver necrosis significant after administration of ethanol extract of balakka fruit in L-NAME-induced rats. In the measurement of kidney congestion, the value of p=0.0837 (p>0.05) and the measurement of liver congestion p=0.0572 (p>0.05) which means that there are differences in kidney and liver congestion but not significant after giving ethanol extract of balakka fruit to L-NAME-induced rats. In the measurement of kidney inflammation, the value of p>0.0471 (p>0.005) and liver inflammation p = 0.0146 (p>0.005) which means that there is a difference significant. Overall, the results of this study found that the ethanol extract of balakka fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) at a dose of 500 mg/kgBB is the most effective nephroprotective and hepatoprotective dose in overcoming necrosis, congestion, and inflammation in the kidneys and liver of rats that have been induced by L-NAME. Conclusion:Ethanol extract of balakka fruit (Phyllanthus embica L.) at a dose of 500 mg/kgBB has nephratoprotective and hepatoprotective effects that can improve the histopathological picture of the kidneys and liver in L-NAME-induced rats.