Analisa Proximate dan Nilai Kalor Biochar dari Metode Pirolisis dengan Jenis Biomassa Tempurung Kelapa

Abstract

As coal and oil reserves become increasingly limited worldwide, biomass is one of the promising alternative fuels to reduce dependence on oil and coal. Sometimes in some places, biomass is something unwanted as it is considered waste; as a result, biomass waste needs to be processed and utilized as a source of energy or fuel. One example of biomass that can be processed into fuel is coconut shell charcoal, which is processed into briquettes and activated charcoal. The method estimated to be highly effective in the initial processing of coconut shells into various fuels is the pyrolysis method, which can produce charcoal, liquid smoke, and syngas as combustion products. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the physical characteristics of biochar produced from pyrolysis exceeding the standardization of SNI 01-1682-1996 regarding the quality standards of coconut shell charcoal with variations of 3 peak temperatures used in the pyrolysis process, namely 400°C, 450°C, and 500°C. The test results indicate that the biochar produced at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C exhibits physical characteristics that exceed the standardization of SNI 01-1682-1996 compared to the 2 biochars resulting from pyrolysis at temperatures of 400°C and 450°C. This biochar has a moisture content of 4.02%, ash content of 2.5%, volatile matter content of 4.76%, fixed carbon content of 88.72%, and a calorific value of 7,627 cal/g. The pyrolysis temperature plays a crucial role in determining the quality and yield of the resulting charcoal. The higher the pyrolysis temperature used, the lower the yield of charcoal produced, but the quality of the resulting charcoal is better.