Analisis Karakteristik Anatomi dan Fisiologi Tanaman Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) Hasil Induksi Mutasi Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

Abstract

Sunflower is one of the commodities of horticulture in the form of ornamental plants such as cut flowers, potted plants or garden ornamental plants that are much favored by consumers. Growth that is too high becomes a problem in its cultivation which causes sunflower plants to fall easily and is not suitable for planting in pots. The study aimed to analyze the differences in anatomical and physiological characteristics of sunflower plants in the M1 population resulting from gamma-ray mutation induction. The research was conducted in the field and biotechnology laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra with an altitude of ± 32 meters above sea level from Desember 2023 to February 2024. The method of analysis used in the research is descriptive analysis consisting of one sample, namely the IPB BM1 variety with gamma irradiation treatment at doses of 0, 50, and 100 Gy. The results showed that the application of gamma irradiation doses of 50 and 100 Gy was significantly different from the control treatment on the parameters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and stomatal density. The irradiation treatment did not give significant differences in the parameters of stomatal length and width, trichome length, thickness of leaf and root epidermis, thickness of palisade parenchyma, thickness of spongy parenchyma, thickness of mesophyll tissue, thickness of transport vessel bundles in the stem, thickness of root and stem cortex, and thickness of root stele.