Rancangan Penataan Raw Material Ergonomis pada Open Storage Perusahaan Manufaktur Kereta Api

Abstract

Ergonomics is the science of studying how humans interact with their work. One aspect of ergonomics application is in warehousing. A warehouse is a unit within the supply chain that ensures efficient and reliable storage of materials. A railway manufacturing company is one that provides various products and aftersales services to ensure customers receive products of the highest quality. The problem occurring in the open storage of the railway manufacturing company is the presence of search activities, which are considered ineffective movements. These search activities are caused by raw materials not being organized based on material movement types, and the vertical space utilization in the warehouse is suboptimal, resulting in raw materials not being accommodated in the open storage. Another issue is the presence of corrosion defects on the raw materials. The aim of this research is to provide an ergonomic design for the arrangement of raw materials to eliminate these problems. Standardized work time shows that ineffective movements such as searching consume 48% to 57% of the total activity time. The impact of these ineffective movements causes workers' cardio loads and oxygen consumption to be at a fairly heavy physical effort. Warehouse space inefficiency results in 17% of the total raw materials being placed outside the open storage. The redesign of raw material layout using a class-based storage and racking system can help solve the problems of ineffective search movements and corrosion defects on raw materials. The reorganization with a class-based storage and racking system requires 39 racks for plate materials and 17 cantilever racks for round bars, pipes, and similar items. If this design is implemented, it has the potential to help reduce ineffective movements and prevent raw material defects during the storage process in open storage.