Analisis DNA Barcoding dan Filogenetik Ikan Kakatua (Scarus sp.) yang Didaratkan di Tangkahan Pulau Tello Kabupaten Nias Selatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Abstract

The DNA barcoding method is a molecular approach that uses genetic fragments, particularly the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, to accurately differentiate and identify species. Parrotfish is one of the coral reef fish that have various species, and they also have high economic value. However, excessive fishing and trade have led to some parrotfish species being listed on the IUCN Red List. Parrotfish samples were collected from the waters around Pulau Tello and morphologically identified before DNA extraction. DNA extraction was performed using a commercial kit and followed by COI gene amplification using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. The PCR products were then sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics software to compare with reference genetic databases such as GenBank and the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). The analysis results showed that all tested parrotfish samples could be identified to the species level with a high degree of accuracy. Several dominant parrotfish species were found in the area, providing an initial overview of the biodiversity of parrotfish in Tangkahan Pulau Tello. This study also discovered species that might be new or not yet registered in the reference databases, indicating potential undocumented biodiversity in this region. This research concludes that the DNA barcoding technique is an effective and efficient tool for identifying parrotfish species in Tangkahan Pulau Tello. This information is expected to contribute to the conservation and management of fish resources in the area and support broader marine biodiversity studies.