Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) terhadap Antioksidan Endogen dan Pro-Apoptosis pada Mencit yang Diinduksi AOM/DSS

Abstract

Colon cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of death in the world after lung cancer. In Indonesia, colon cancer ranks third. Colon cancer is a tumor that originates from the colon tissue to the colon. High fat consumption, low fiber consumption and exposure to free radicals are some of the risk factors for colon cancer. Protective effects can be obtained by consuming antioxidants found in vegetables and fruits. African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Delile.) contain high antioxidants and have many pharmacological effects, one of which is as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer. African leaves have been studied to have anticancer activity through in vitro and in vivo tests including; nasopharyngeal cancer, skin cancer cells, prostate cancer cells, breast cancer cells, pancreatic cancer cells and liver cancer cells. This study aims to analyze the effect of African leaf ethanol extract (Vernonia Amygdalina Del.) on endogenous antioxidants and pro-apoptosis in mice induced by AOM/DSS. To test the effectiveness of colon cancer anticancer of African leaf ethanol extract in colon cancer model mice, histopathological examination of colon cancer was carried out using HE staining and parameters were analyzed, namely SOD, MDA, Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 levels. This research stage includes the preparation of African leaf ethanol extract, phytochemical screening, extract standardization and testing the effectiveness of African leaves on colon cancer damage. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with p<0.05: Histopathological description of the colon with HE staining showed that AOM/DSS can provide a response to the development of cancer cells in the colon of mice such as malignant conditions accompanied by an inflammatory response. EEDA 100 mg/kgBW can increase SOD levels which are significantly different (p≤0.05) from the negative control group, but not more optimal than EEDA 500 mg/kgBW. EEDA 100 mg/kgBW and 300 mg/kgBW can reduce MDA levels which are significantly different (p≤0.05) against the negative control group, but not more optimal than EEDA 500 mg/kgBW. EEDA 300 mg/kgBW can increase caspase-3 levels which are significantly different (p≤0.05) against the negative control group but not more optimal than EEDA 500 mg/kgBW. EEDA 100 mg/kgBW can reduce Bcl-2 levels which are significantly different (p≤0.05) against the normal group, but not better than EEDA 300 mg/kgBW and 500 mg/kgBW. The results showed that EEDA has effects on endogenous antioxidants and pro-apoptosis in mice induced by AOM/DSS.