Pengaruh Belanja Sektor Pendidikan, Angkatan Kerja dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia ( IPM) di Lima Negara Pendiri Asean

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of education sector spending, labor force, and unemployment rate on human development index (HDI) in five ASEAN founding countries. This study has three independent variables used, namely education sector expenditure, labor force, and unemployment rate. This research uses quantitative research with the Regression Panel Data method with a research time period of 2013 to 2021. The data used is obtained from the official website of the World Bank for data on Education Sector Expenditure, Labor Force, Unemployment Rate, and Human Development Report for Human Development Index (HDI). The results showed that partially, the education sector expenditure variable had a negative and insignificant effect on the human development index, besides that the labor force variable had a positive and significant relationship with the HDI and the unemployment rate had a positive, but insignificant effect on the human development index. While simultaneously, at a sig value of 0.002707 <0.05, the variables of education, labor force, and unemployment rate affect the human development index (HDI) in the five founding countries of ASEAN.