Hubungan Karakteristik Pasien dan Riwayat Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Multidrug Resistant di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan

Abstract

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is condition in which the M. tuberculosis bacteria exhibits an inability to respond to one or more of the anti-tuberculosis drugs, specifically isoniazid and rifampicin. This study aims to determine the relationship of patient characteristics and medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the incidence of multidrug resistance tuberculosis at RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan. This study use a cross-sectional research design. The population studied was all outpatients who visited the pulmonary polyclinic. The sample was 95 selected using accidental sampling. Patient characteristics were assessed via questionnaire and through a review of medical records. The proportion of MDR TB incidence was 66.3%, with the majsority of respondents falling within the 15-55 age range (65.3%) and predominantly male (68.4%). Additionally, the majority of respondents reported minimal work activity (32.6%). The average age of respondents was 37.6 years, with an average of 50.8 years of education at the high school level or equivalent. Most respondents had a history of type 2 DM (61.1%) and a history of previous pulmonary tuberculosis treatment (57.9%). There was a statistically significant association between gender (p=0.004), history of type 2 DM (p=0.043), and previous pulmonary tuberculosis treatment history (p=0.000) with the incidence of MDR TB. No association was found between age (p = 0.687), occupation (p = 0.796), education (p = 0.189), or nutritional status (p = 0.616) and the incidence of MDR TB. It is recommended that the community implement preventive measures related to tuberculosis. This may be achieved by increasing knowledge related to tuberculosis and striving to always use mask when coming to the hospital. Patients with pulmonary TB and MDR TB are expected to always wear mask, take medication regularly, not dispose of sputum carelessly, routinely attend monthly control schedules, and maintain diet and blood sugar control.