Analisis Dampak Lingkungan pada Proses Produksi Pupuk NPK Menggunakan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Abstract

PT XYZ is a company that produces NPK fertilizer as its main product. NPK fertilizer has the potential to emit gases that are harmful to the environment. The process that has a high potential for producing greenhouse gas emissions is combustion because it produces gas emissions such as H2S, NOx, SOx, and NH3. Based on interviews conducted, the company has not carried out an environmental impact assessment specifically on gas emissions from the production process. The objective of this study is to determine the environmental impact of the NPK fertilizer production process and provide recommendations for improvements to reduce the environmental impact caused by the company. Based on the existing problems, an environmental impact assessment was conducted on 2 tons of NPK fertilizer using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with SimaPro software, employing the ReCipe 2016 database with 8 impact indicators. The results showed that the drying process had the most significant environmental impact, affecting four indicators that exceeded the established standard thresholds: stratospheric ozone depletion, fine particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification, and human noncarcinogenic toxicity. Meanwhile, other processes such as Mixing, Granulation, and Packaging only impacted two indicators, deemed unsafe: stratospheric ozone depletion and human non-carcinogenic toxicity. The interpretation results suggest several improvements: installing baghouse filters to capture dust particles before gases are released into the atmosphere, using selective catalytic reduction technology to reduce NO2 emissions, substituting wood fuel with natural gas to lower emissions, using feeders to mix raw materials, and replacing the pan granulator with a high-shear granulator.