Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Tanaman Serai Wangi dan Daun Sirih dalam Berbagai Konsentrasi terhadap Jamur Phytophthora palmivora Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Buah pada Tanaman Kakao Secara In Vitro dan In Vivo

Abstract

Cocoa plants are an important commodity throughout the world, including in Indonesia. One of the main problems faced is fruit rot disease caused by the fungus P. palmivora This fungus can reduce productivity the produced cocoa when approaching harvest time. The use of citronella and betel leaf extracts has been proven effective in inhibiting the growth of this fungus. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of plant extracts with the most effective concentration in suppressing the growth of P. palmivora fungi in vitro and in vivo. This research was conducted at the Plant Disease Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and the Organic Chemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) University of North Sumatra from January to June 2024. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The results of this study showed that citronella plant extract with a concentration of 30% was able to inhibit the colony diameter in vitro by 2.93 cm, citronella and betel leaf extract with a concentration of 30% were able to inhibit the growth inhibition of P. palmivora fungi by 64% and 65%. Betel leaf extract with a concentration of 30% was able to slow down the incubation period of P. palmivora fungal growth for 4 days after incubation. Lemongrass extract with a concentration of 30% was able to inhibit the severity of the disease in vivo by 30%, with the incidence of the disease reaching 100% at 8 days after incubation.