Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik Pati Biji Durian dengan Penambahan Filler Serat Kulit Jagung Menggunakan Plasticizer Gliserol

Abstract

Research has been conducted on bioplastics using durian seed starch, chitosan, corn Research has been conducted on bioplastics using durian seed starch, chitosan, corn husk fiber, glycerol plasticizer, and 2% acetic acid solution as a catalyst. With variations of durian seed starch and chitosan used are (30%: 70%, 40%: 60%, 50%: 50%, 60%: 40%, 70%: 30%), variations of corn husk fiber used are (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%) and using glycerol variations of 60%, 80%, 100%. By using the melt intercalation method with bioplastic drying at 65˚C within 24 hours. The purpose of this study was to determine the characterization of durian seed starch including starch content, moisture content, fat content, and protein content and to determine the effect of the addition of corn husk fiber and also the effect of glycerol variations on bioplastic characteristics including thickness, density, tensile strength, elongation, water absorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT IR), and degradability. The optimum results of bioplastics are found in the FBC2 sample using 100% glycerol with a variation of durian chitosan seed starch 40%: 60% with the addition of 2% corn husk fiber, with a thickness of 0.324 mm, the elongation at break value is 81.80% which increases as the glycerol used increases. However, the density value of 1.45 g/cm3, the water absorption value of 44.7% and the tensile strength of 0.29 Mpa decreased as the glycerol used increased. SEM test results show a fairly even bioplastic surface, FTIR test results on bioplastics show the same functional groups as the composition of the material and the absence of new functional groups.